Masonry is one of the oldest (and most reliable) ways to build. At its core, it’s the craft of assembling individual units such as brick, natural stone, or concrete block with mortar to create something solid, beautiful, and long-lasting. Because there are several types of masonry construction, each with its own strengths, looks, and costs, the smartest first step is understanding the basics before you start your construction project.
In this blog, the experts at Exterior Solution will explain what masonry is, explore the main types of masonry construction, and share a simple decision framework to help you make a confident decision. You’ll learn where each option shines, what to consider for long-term durability, and how to match the look you want with the performance you need.
What is Masonry Work?
As mentioned before, masonry is the craft of building with individual units such as clay brick, natural stone, concrete block (CMU), and manufactured stone, bonded with mortar to form solid, durable assemblies. These units are arranged in patterns (bonds) and finished with joints that seal out weather and complete the look. Masonry can be structural (like walls, columns, or foundations) or non-structural (like veneers and facings attached to a backup wall), and it can also be paired with reinforcement systems and drain management features.
Why Choose Masonry Construction?
- Durability & strength: Properly installed masonry withstands harsh weather, impacts, and time. Historic buildings are the perfect proof of this.
- Low maintenance: Compared to wood, most masonry needs less frequent upkeep as it is way more resistant.
- Curb appeal: Depending on the material, you can elevate the look of your property, whether you want to achieve a classic, modern, or rustic look.
- Thermal mass: Masonry can help moderate temperature swings, supporting comfort and efficiency.
Different Types of Masonry Construction
Brick Masonry
Brick masonry construction uses clay bricks laid in courses and bonded with mortar to form strong, weather-resistant masonry walls and features. It can be load-bearing for full structural walls or installed as a thin veneer for curb appeal. Homeowners love its timeless look, resale value, and the design flexibility of bonds, patterns, and colors. Typical applications include facades, chimneys, porch piers, garden walls, steps, and patios that coordinate with brick pavers.
Stone Masonry
Stone masonry construction assembles natural stone units with mortar to create long-lasting structures rich in color and texture. It’s ideal for retaining walls, accent walls, pillars, edging, steps, and premium facades. Because stone is a natural masonry material, every installation feels unique and delivers exceptional durability and character. Stone masonry can be divided into two categories:
Rubble Masonry
Ashlar Masonry
Concrete Masonry
Concrete masonry construction relies on CMUs stacked and mortared into walls, often grouted and reinforced for added strength. It’s popular because it’s cost-effective, quick to build, and easy to reinforce, making it a smart masonry structure for foundations, garages, screen walls, and light commercial buildings.
Veneer Masonry
Composite Masonry
How to Choose The Right Type of Masonry
Choosing the correct type of masonry construction starts with defining your purpose and needs, and then matching them with the best material and type of masonry structure. Here are some aspects to take into account:
Criteria to Evaluate Before Choosing
Project type: Are you building a structural wall, a decorative facade, a retaining wall, or hardscaping (steps, patio, edging)? Structural needs allow you to narrow your options quickly, because it’s easy to pair structures with the common material they work best with.
Budget: Material and labor prices vary for each option. For example, rubble stone and CMU are typically more cost-efficient; ashlar stone and handmade brick have higher prices.
Durability: Consider weather exposure, soil pressure (for retaining walls), and local conditions. CMU walls can be reinforced and grouted for strength, and brick and stone excel in longevity when properly maintained.
Style & Aesthetics: Different masonry materials can achieve different styles. For example, you can choose clay brick or stone for a rustic style and pavers or concrete for a modern, minimalist look.
Masonry Types Comparison Table
| Masonry Type | Projects They Work Best For | Cost | Typical Lifespan | Style Achieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brick Masonry | Facades, chimneys, steps, garden walls, walkways/patios | Moderate to higher | 50–100+ years with proper care | Classic and timeless; from traditional to modern with varied bonds |
| Stone Masonry | Retaining walls, accent walls, pillars, steps, and premium facades | Higher to premium | 75–100+ years. Stone is the most durable material | Natural and rustic |
| Concrete Masonry (CMU) | Foundations, garages, utility/screen walls, structural cores | Affordable | 50+ years when reinforced and detailed | Utilitarian to modern; it can be finished or clad |
| Veneer Masonry (Brick/Stone) | Exterior facades, interior feature walls, fireplaces | Affordable to moderate | 50+ years when properly flashed and drained | Flexible curb appeal, rustic, modern, or natural look depending on the material |
| Composite Masonry | Walls combining economical backup with premium facing to balance cost/appearance | Moderate | Long service life (+50 years) with proper ties and detailing | Tailored, high-end finish with value engineering |
Bringing It All Together
Now that you know the main types of masonry construction, the next step is matching them to your project’s structural needs, budget, and style. If you’re still unsure about how to choose or have questions about any particular masonry type, reach out to the expert team at Exterior Solution for professional guidance. We’ll help you compare options, pick the best masonry materials, and plan a smooth construction project from start to finish.